Challenges and Advances in Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review for Improved Diabetes Management

Abstract

A key progress in diabetes research is the development of devices that help track and manage blood sugar levels easily. Non-invasive glucose monitoring devices have been developed to help people with diabetes check their blood sugar levels more easily and improve compliance with monitoring. This paper provides a detailed review of past, present, and future non-invasive glucose monitoring techniques, highlighting the key challenges they face. It covers issues such as low accuracy, delays in detecting glucose changes, the need for calibration, and individual differences that affect readings. The review addresses gaps in prior research by emphasizing usability, user experience, and suitability for home usage, acknowledging the significance of integrating user demands into device creation. The main finding is that the interrelated problems of accuracy, usability, and practicality must be addressed by effective non-invasive glucose monitoring systems. Improving the assessment of device acceptability and usability may assist resolve important user issues and open the door for these technologies to be successfully commercialized.