Introduction to Shape Memory Material: Biomedical, Prosthetic and Orthotic Application

Abstract

The need for prosthetic and orthotic devices is increasing significantly all over the world. Due to the increasing incidence
of sports injuries and road accidents, the rising number of diabetes-related amputations, and the growing prevalence of
osteosarcoma around the world are poised to drive the global market. Sports-induced injury is anticipated to drive demand,
aiding market growth during the forecast period. The global prosthetics and orthotics market was valued at USD 6.39 billion
in 2021 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.3% from 2022 to 2030. Materials like
polymers (Polypropylene, Silicon, etc.), metals (Aluminium, Iron, etc.), alloys (stainless steel, bronze etc.), and carbon fibers
are now used for making prosthetic and orthotic devices. Shape memory polymers (SMP) and shape memory alloys (SMA) are
having ability to change and regain their original shape after changes in external stimuli like temperature, PH, heat, etc. This
review has discussed shape memory materials’ mechanical, chemical, and general properties, including their classification,
advantages, disadvantages, FDA regulations, and applications in prosthetics and orthotics. This review will help prosthetists,
orthotist, and biomedical engineers better understand these materials and how they increase the medical devices’ quality,
durability and functionality.