Digital Health Innovation: Integrating Blockchain, Point-of-Care Diagnostics and AI for Rural Telemedicine Delivery

Abstract

This paper presents a conceptual and implementation-focused framework for a next-generation telehealth system tailored to underserved and rural populations. The proposed system leverages blockchain for secure data exchange and consent management, HL7-FHIR interoperability with a national health ID (UHI) framework, modular architecture, edge computing, and AI diagnostics integrated with point-of-care (POC) devices. By combining teleconsultations with local POC testing and AI support, the model aims to improve early diagnosis and continuity of care in remote regions. We highlight how blockchain’s immutable ledgers and smart contracts can enforce patient consent and audit trails, while a standards-compliant FHIR-based data layer and Unique Health IDs (e.g. India’s ABHA) enable seamless record sharing. This approach addresses interoperability and privacy (aligned with WHO and national guidelines) and could dramatically expand access: for example, India’s national telemedicine platform recorded over 318 million remote consults by 2024. The framework is evaluated conceptually for security, performance, and public health impact. Ethical compliance (Declaration of Helsinki 2000/2008) is ensured and all authors declare original work with no conflicts.